1. Oh C, Chung W, Hong B. Optimizing patient-controlled analgesia: a narrative review based on a single center audit process. Anesth Pain Med 2024;19:171–184.
2. Kehlet H, Dahl JB. Anaesthesia, surgery, and challenges in postoperative recovery. Lancet 2003;362:1921–1928.
3. Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, et al. Assessment of pain. Br J Anaesth 2008;101:17–24.
5. Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. Am J Surg 2002;183:630–641.
6. Glance LG, Dick AW, Meredith JW, Mukamel DB. Variation in hospital complication rates and failure-to-rescue for trauma patients. Ann Surg 2011;253:811–816.
9. Buvanendran A, Kroin JS. Multimodal analgesia for controlling acute postoperative pain. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2009;22:588–593.
11. Gabriel RA, Swisher MW, Sztain JF, Furnish TJ, Ilfeld BM, Said ET. State of the art opioid-sparing strategies for post-operative pain in adult surgical patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019;20:949–961.
13. Lassen K, Soop M, Nygren J, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations. Arch Surg 2009;144:961–969.
15. Macintyre PE, Quinlan J, Levy N, Lobo DN. Current Issues in the use of opioids for the management of postoperative pain: a review. JAMA Surg 2022;157:158–166.
18. Katz J, Seltzer Z. Transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain: risk factors and protective factors. Expert Rev Neurother 2009;9:723–744.
19. Pagé MG, Campbell F, Isaac L, Stinson J, Katz J. Parental risk factors for the development of pediatric acute and chronic postsurgical pain: a longitudinal study. J Pain Res 2013;6:727–741.
22. GBD 2021 Other Musculoskeletal Disorders Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of other musculoskeletal disorders, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol 2023;5:e670–e682.
24. El-Boghdadly K, Levy NA, Fawcett WJ, et al. Peri-operative pain management in adults: a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the Association of Anaesthetists and the British Pain Society. Anaesthesia 2024;79:1220–1236.
26. Ingadóttir B, Zoëga S. Role of patient education in postoperative pain management. Nurs Stand 2017;32:50–63.
28. Buhre W, Rossaint R. Perioperative management and monitoring in anaesthesia. Lancet 2003;362:1839–1846.