Cancer is the most common cause of death in Korea. Nationwide cancer statistics, the early detection of cancer, and quality control and feedback regarding cancer treatment are very important for improving the outcomes of cancer patients. In Korea, a national cancer center analyzes cancer statistics and reports them annually. A national cancer screening program for the early detection of 5 major types of cancer has been implemented, as well as an assessment analysis of cancer treatments in each hospital. To further improve the outcomes of cancer treatment, national-level support, the continuous evidence-based modification of policies, support for the families of cancer patients, and mounting a publicity campaign for cancer prevention and screening are needed.