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| J Korean Med Assoc > Volume 64(6); 2021 > Article |
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Adapted from Arslanian S, et al. Diabetes Care 2018;41:2648-68, according to the Creative Commons license [6].
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.
| Drug name | Mechanism of action | Dosage | US FDA indication | Side effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin | Increases insulin mediated glucose uptake in peripheral tissues | Start at 500-1,000 mg per day. Increase to 2,000 mg/day in 1-2 divided doses | T2DM ≥10 years | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency |
| Reduces hepatic glucose output | ||||
| Liraglutide (GLP-1 agonist)a) | Increases insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells | Start at 0.6 mg subcutaneously once daily. Increase by 0.6 mg every 1-2 weeks or longer to a maximum of 1.8 mg daily | T2DM ≥10 years | Nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, pancreatitis |
| Suppresses glucagon release | ||||
| Slows digestion | ||||
| Insulin | Facilitates cellular uptake of glucose | Basal insulin: start at 0.5 units/kg/day and increase every 2-3 days based on the plasma glucose levels | Approved for adolescents with T2DM | Hypoglycemia, hypertrophy or lipoatrophy at the injection site |
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